Understanding Argument and Persuasion in Nonfiction

In nonfiction writing, especially when constructing arguments or persuasive texts, it is crucial to employ strategic techniques to effectively convey your message and influence your audience. This guide will help you understand the core components of building a compelling argument and utilising persuasive methods.

Core Components of Argument

1. Evidence:

   • Evidence is the foundation of any strong argument. It includes facts, statistics, research findings, and credible sources that support your claims.

   • Example: When arguing for the benefits of renewable energy, you might cite statistics on the reduction of carbon emissions due to solar energy usage.

2. Examples:

   • Examples help to clarify and illustrate your points, making abstract ideas more tangible for your audience.

   • Example: To highlight the importance of exercise, you could provide an example of a community that improved its overall health through a regular fitness program.

3. Reasoning:

   • This is the logical process of linking evidence and examples to your main argument. Effective reasoning shows clear cause-and-effect relationships.

   • Example: If arguing for longer recess times in schools, show reasoning by linking evidence of increased student concentration and reduced stress levels with longer breaks.

Persuasive Techniques

1. Emotive Language:

   • Emotive language involves the use of words and phrases that evoke strong emotional responses from the audience.

   • Example: Describing a scenario as "heartbreaking" or "inspiring" can sway the audience's emotions and draw them to your perspective.

2. Statistics:

   • Statistics provide quantifiable data that can substantiate your argument, making it more convincing to a logical mindset.

   • Example: Using statistics such as "80% of students who participate in extracurricular activities report higher academic performance" strengthens your argument for the importance of these programs.

3. Direct Address:

   • Directly addressing the audience involves engaging them personally, making them feel involved in the issue at hand.

   • Example: Phrasing like "You can make a difference" or "Imagine if you were in this situation" prompts the audience to consider their role or perspective.

Practical Application in the Classroom

• Activity Idea: Have students choose a topic they are passionate about and create a short persuasive essay or speech. Encourage them to use evidence, examples, and reasoning, and incorporate at least two persuasive techniques discussed above.

• Discussion Prompt: Discuss a current event and analyse a persuasive article on the topic. Identify the evidence, examples, reasoning, and persuasive techniques used by the author.

Conclusion

Understanding and applying these elements of argumentation and persuasion can significantly enhance students' critical thinking and communication skills. As a special education teacher, you can adapt these strategies to fit diverse learning needs, ensuring all students gain proficiency in crafting effective arguments. Encourage creativity and personalisation, allowing students to explore topics that resonate with them, fostering a deeper connection to the material.